منابع مشابه
Reflection on Graduation
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This paper reviews the results of social protection programmes which aim for beneficiaries to graduate out after they reach a certain level of assets or time. It explores whether people who graduate from the programmes are lifted sustainably out of poverty, and what changes they experience in their lives and livelihoods. The first part of the report reviews general lessons about how graduation ...
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The traditional economic case for decentralised fiscal choice is based on the welfare gains from an improved allocation of resourceswithin the public sector. Fiscal decentralizationallows individualjurisdictions(I shall refer to them as «local governments») to tailor the levels of local public outputs to the particular tastes and other circumstances that characterizetheir respective communities...
متن کاملFiscal versus Monetary Dominance: Evidence from Iran
In this paper, we dealt with fiscal dominance, which is a situation in which the fiscal authority sets its expenditure and taxes without regard to any requirement of intertemporal budget balance. Therefore, the monetary authority must adjust its policies to ensure that the government budget is in balance. The existence of oil revenues for the government on the one hand and its lack of access to...
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simply stated, a vaR model is a model of the distribution of future profits and losses of a bank’s trading portfolio. vaR models combine information on a bank’s trading positions across various products with statistical estimations of the probability distribution of the underlying market factors and their relation to each other. the final output of a vaR model is a vaR estimate, which is define...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Development Economics
سال: 2013
ISSN: 0304-3878
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.07.001